Introduction to GraphQL

GraphQL is a new approach for building an API that aims to get the better of two basic RESTful APIs limitations which are data filters & relationships. These two classic REST flaws force REST users to always get the full payload in response & hit multiple data sources separately.

What is GraphQL

GraphQL is a data query and manipulation language for APIs created and open-source by Facebook to solve the problem of unoptimized data flow in their mobile app. In general, GraphQL is a syntax that describing the way of requesting data from the server. The main difference comparing Graph QL to traditional REST API is that the response format is described in the query and defined by the client rather than the server. Another important thing about GraphQL is that it is language agnostic.

Basic structure

The core notion of using GraphQL is a schema. Designing a schema is one of the first steps in the development process, casting a shadow over the rest of the project. A carefully planned Graph QL schema is the core of a well-designed and secure product. GraphQL Schema is a center-piece of any Graph QL project and it strictly defines its structure & regulates how the data can be accessed.

GraphQL Queries & Mutations

There are two basic types of GrahQL operations which are GraphQL Queries & GraphQL Mutations:

• GraphQL Queries - query allows you to read or fetch data from the server-side,
• GraphQL Mutations - mutations are used to write or post values.

The performed operations have a form of a string that a GraphQL server can parse and respond to with requested data in a specific format i.e JSON.

GraphQL Resolvers

In order to understand what we are querying for the GraphQL server needs to have a defined set of functions/rules that our server would use to generate the response. These functions are called GraphQL Resolvers and they are responsible for handling our queries.

GraphQL vs REST

Imagine we want to retrieve posts from a company blog using RESTful API. First, we need to GET api/posts, but posts have other data like authors so we need to call REST API again to get the details of the posts i.e. authors ending up with two server requests instead of one, and as you continue to scale, you may have even more requests to different endpoints in order to fetch all the needed data.

The performance drop, especially on slow cellular connections, was the main problem Facebook engineers observed, and the urge to find its solution was a substructure for GraphQL. In GraphQL API we have a single endpoint being able to process complex requests. You query the GraphQL server for specific data and it will respond with what was requested, which results in fewer bits transferred over the wire.

Learn GraphQL

As you can see GraphQL is a very interesting concept. In the past couple of years, it gained a lot of traction and became a skill much appreciated and often required in job offers. If you are interested in deepening your knowledge of GraphQL there are plenty of neat resources you can learn from.

Knowlege base

1. GrapQL Official Documentation is the best place to start your GraphQL learning.
2. GraphQL Weekly is a newsletter with GraphQL tutorials, news, and everything related to GraphQL.
3. How to GraphQL is a website that will explain to you in detail what is GraphQL and guide your steps from GraphQL newbie to releasing your production GraphQL project.

GraphQL Tools

1. Hygraph (formerly GraphCMS) a tool that allows you to build a hosted GraphQL backend for your web project along with tools to manage its content.
2. GraphQL Editor is a graphic playground for GraphQL allowing you to build & manage your graphql schema faster giving you a set of GraphQL tools to:
   • bulletproof [GraphQL IDE](/graphql ide) (error handling, type validation),
   • generate static GraphQL docs,
   • preview GraphQL queries with a Live JAMStack Engine & Mock Backend.
3. Dgraph is a native GraphQL database to help you build apps faster.
4. Hasura makes your PostgreSQL database instantly available over GraphQL API.
5. Apollo a platform that allows you to combine databases, different APIs, and microservices into a single data source that you can query using GraphQL.